What type of abnormal pattern is referred to as 'split personality'?

The term 'split personality' is commonly used to refer to Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). This psychological condition is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession, which can significantly impact an individual's identity and sense of self. People with DID often have gaps in memory regarding everyday events, personal information, or traumatic events, which are dissociative in nature.

The distinction of having multiple identities, or alters, is where the term 'split personality' originates, as these identities may have their own names, ages, histories, and characteristics. This condition typically arises as a coping mechanism in response to severe trauma, especially during childhood, allowing the individual to dissociate from the painful memories or experiences.

Understanding this disorder is crucial, as it underscores the complexities of human psychology and the varied ways individuals cope with trauma. The other options listed—obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and depression—each refer to different mental health conditions with distinct characteristics and symptoms, none of which align with the concept of 'split personality' as it relates specifically to DID.