What theory states that goals must be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound?

The concept of goals being specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound is known as the SMART criteria, which is integral to Locke's Goal-setting Theory. This theory emphasizes the importance of setting clear and defined goals to enhance motivation and performance. When goals are articulated in such a manner, individuals are more likely to achieve them because they provide structured guidance and clarity on what is expected.

Locke's framework asserts that specific goals can lead to higher performance as they encourage individuals to focus their efforts. By ensuring that the goals are measurable, individuals can track their progress, making adjustments as necessary. Attainability ensures that the goals are realistic in context, while relevance aligns goals with broader objectives, connecting individual efforts with larger outcomes. Finally, time-bound goals cultivate a sense of urgency, prompting individuals to act and prioritize tasks effectively.

The other theories mentioned do not incorporate the SMART framework. Vroom's Expectancy Theory focuses on the mental processes regarding motivation and the perception of the likelihood of achieving rewards. Adams' Equity Theory deals with the fairness of outcomes relative to the inputs of individuals in a social context, which is unrelated to goal specificity. Skinner's Operant Conditioning focuses on how behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments, rather than