What is the primary difference between Freud's and Erikson's theories?

Freud's and Erikson's theories represent two distinct frameworks for understanding human development, each with its own focus and developmental stages. The primary difference lies in Freud’s emphasis on psychosexual development, which suggests that personality develops through a series of childhood stages centered around various pleasure sources, primarily focused on sexual instincts and drives. He proposed that early childhood experiences shape the individual's personality and behavior, with a strong emphasis on unconscious motives and conflicts.

In contrast, Erikson proposed a theory of psychosocial development, which extends across the lifespan, addressing the impact of social influences and relationships on development. His theory encompasses eight stages, each characterized by a specific conflict that must be resolved for healthy psychological development. This approach underscores the lifelong process of development and the importance of social factors and identity formation at each stage.

Emphasizing psychosexual development highlights Freud's focus on internal conflicts and childhood experiences, while Erikson's psychosocial perspective incorporates the social context and acknowledges the importance of challenges faced throughout adulthood as well. Thus, option C accurately captures the fundamental distinction between the core themes of Freud's and Erikson's theories.