What is the classification for multiple personalities?

The classification for multiple personalities is known as dissociative identity disorder. This disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession, each of which may have its own name, history, and characteristics. Individuals with dissociative identity disorder often experience gaps in memory regarding their everyday events, personal information, and traumatic events, which are not part of normal forgetfulness.

The term "multiple personalities" specifically refers to the variety of identities that a person can present, and this aligns with the diagnostic criteria for dissociative identity disorder according to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). This disorder typically develops as a coping mechanism in response to severe trauma, often during childhood.

Other disorders mentioned, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, represent different categories and symptoms. Schizophrenia primarily affects a person’s perception of reality, mood disorders like bipolar disorder involve severe mood swings, and generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry, which are distinct from the identity fragmentation associated with dissociative identity disorder.