During which developmental stage is the primary task to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills?

The primary task of developing a sense of personal control over physical skills is associated with the stage of Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt. This stage occurs during early childhood, approximately between the ages of 1 to 3 years. During this period, children are beginning to assert their independence and make choices about their own actions. They explore their environment, develop motor skills, and gain a sense of autonomy through self-control and competence.

When children successfully navigate this stage, they gain confidence in their abilities to perform tasks and skills independently, resulting in a sense of autonomy. Conversely, if they struggle or face excessive criticism, they may develop feelings of shame or doubt regarding their abilities. This foundational stage is crucial as it sets the groundwork for self-esteem and confidence in one's capabilities.

In contrast, the other developmental stages focus on different themes and tasks. For example, Initiative vs. Guilt centers on children asserting control and power over their environment through initiating activities. Industry vs. Inferiority relates to children working on tasks and feeling competent in doing so, which typically occurs in later childhood. Trust vs. Mistrust, on the other hand, addresses the formation of trust in caregivers and the environment during infancy. Each of these stages has distinct tasks and focuses that